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` W; J. FRAZIER.

ROTARY ENGINE Patented Apr. 24, 18813.

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' W. J. PRAZIER.

ROTARY ENGINE.

11 Sheets-Sheet 2.

10.276.235. Patented Ap1-.24,183.

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W. J. FRAZIER.'

ROTARY ENGINE. 10,276,235 Peeeneed Ap1-.24,1383.

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111 Sheets-Sheet 5,.

(No Model.)

W. -J. PRAZIRR.

ROTARY -RNGATRR.

Patented Apr.24,1883.

WITNESSES:

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' W. J. FRAZIER.

EOTAEY ENGINE. No. 276.235. Patented Ap1-.z4,1883.

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11 Sheets-Sheet W. J. TRAZIBR. ROTARY ENGINE.

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" UNITED STATES PATENT Grrrcn.

WILLIAM J. FRAZIER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ROTARY ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent. No. 276,235, dated April 24, 1883.

` Application filed September 2S, 1882. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: y

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM J. FRAZIER, of the city and State of NewYork,haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary Engines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot' the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specication, in which- Figure 1 is an end elevation of the engine; Fig. 2, a plan or top view, the steam-chest removed; Fig. 3, a top view of the steam-chest, the cover removed, showing the valves, the yoke, and the camor eccentric for operating said valves; Fig. 4, a horizontal section through the center ot' the engine; Fig. 5, a section through the line w y z of Figs. 2 and 4, with the piston shown in projection; Fig. 6, a perpendicular longitudinal section through the center ot' the engine; Fig. 7, a perpendicular longitudinal section through the center ot' the engine, showing two of the piston-wings in projection; Fig. 8, an end view ot' the piston, the piston-wings removed; Fig. 9, a packingpiece in thehulo of the piston, pressing outwardly against the arm of the cylinder-head, the projection of a piston-wing, and downwardly against the packing-ring ot' the hub; Fig. 10, the packing-rings iu the hub of the piston pressing against the ends of the arms otl the cylinder-heads; Fig.11, one ot' the packin g-pieces operating in the slots or longitudinal openings of the piston against the sides of the piston 'wingS; Fig. 12, one of the segmental packing-pieces in the end of the piston operatingagainst the head of the cylinder; Fig. 13, a section through line t u c ot' Fig. 8; Fig. 14, section of piston made in two parts and bolted together; Fig. 15,plan viewot' inside ot' cylinder-head Fig. 16, section of same; Fig. 17, a plan view ot' the piston-wing and packing-pieces; Fig. 18, an end view ot'- the piston-wing, showing the packings; Fig. 19, face of outer packing-pieces Fig. 20, face ot' inner packings; Fig. 21, piston-wing with all packings removed; Figs. 22, 23,24, views of' end, outer edge,an d inner edge of piston-win g; Figs. 25, 26, 27, outside, side, and inside views of end packing-piece; Figs. 28, 29, edge and 5o section of outer packing, (see Fig. 18;) Figs.

30, 31, edge andsection of inner packing, (see Similar letters refer to corresponding parts 4 inthe various drawings.

My invention relates to that class ot' rotary engines which employs a revolving piston carrying radial slides or piston-wings, and, together with the drivin g-shaft, to which-it is secured, occupies an eccentric position relative to the engine-cylinders, and in which engine the steam is used trst at a high pressure on a short piston leverage within the cylinders forming part of the piston, and afterward expansive'ly at a lower pressure ou a longer leverage within the outer cylinder ot' the engine; and it consists, iirst, in the novel devices for operating the slide-valves A A2; second, in the construction and use of steam-passages, whereby the steam from the high-pressure cylinders is so transmitted and conveyed to a section of the outer or low-pressure cylinder, and therein so applied, that the expanding steam will exert its pressure on the outer extremities ofthe win gs ofthe piston d uriug their travel over that section of the interior surface of the outer cylinder which forms the widest portion ofthe crescent, and inwhich the said pistou-wings are projected to their relatively greatest limit from 1 the exterior or periphery of the piston; third,

in tlie construction, arrangement, and use of the valves, steam-ports, and steam-passages, whereby, through the manipulation of the said valves of the engine, said engine may be operated and said piston `rotated in either direction, the steam acting at high pressure in `the inner cylinder and also expansively inthe outer cylinder in either case; fourth, in the construction and use of the wings of a revolving pistou carrying intermediate self-adjusting packing-pieces, which packing-pieces and the said wings carry oscillating self-adjusting packings, and alsoproviding said `wings with self-adjusting end packings; fifth, in providing said piston with self-adjusting packings, self -adjusting segmental rim packings,` and self-adjustingpackings at either side of the hub of the piston. o i

' `The `piston ofthe engine revolves within the IOO annular chamber of the case A, which chamber has the functions ot'- and constitutes the outer cylinder, H', of the engine. This case'isV provided with a steam-chest, A3, within which arethe openings orports B B11 B12and B1B3B14 into the steam-passages leading into the cylinders, as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. The cylinderheads vH2 carry arms H3, which extend into the cylinders in a direction parallel with their axes. Tubular openings extend through the cylinder-heads and arms parallel to but eccen tric with the axes .of said cylinders, for the reception of the bushings D1, within and through which bushings the shaft G revolves, the position of the piston within the cylinder H' being I such' that a crescent-shaped space is formed, which constitutes the steam-space of the outer cylinder of the engine. The steampassages Bz B5 are cast in the cylinder-heads, as shown in Figs. 1, 15, 16, vand are connected with the ports B B", situated in the steamchest, through the horizontal steam-passages B' B3'in the upper part of the case A, Figs. 1,15, their lower openings or ports, B3 B4, opening into the inner or high-pressure cylinders H ofthe piston.v These lower openings are provided with a guard or grating, S, Fig. 15, which guard or grating prevents the packing-pieces 1z and-1t in their ltravel over said openings from being forced into or jammed in said openings, Fig. 5. The ports B11 B3 open into and intersect the outer cylinder, H', at points which are equidistant from a perpendicular line-drawn through the center of said cylinder, and are separated by a distance equal to the distance between the centers of the longitudinal slots or openings N of the pistou at its periphery, Fig. 5. Series ot parti-circumferential grooves B3 B10, Figs. 4 and 5, are formed in the surface of the .outer cylinder, on each side thereof, the sum of the area of the crosssections of each series being substantially equal to the area of the ports B11 B3, respectively. These grooves begin at the intersection of the said ports with the outer cylinder, and extend downwardly therefrom `on their respective sides of said cylinder to equal distances respectively, terminating at points which are separatedv by a distance equal to the distance (measured on the surface of the cylinder) between the centers of two contiguous piston-wings at their points of contact with the surface of said cylinder. The lower extremities ot' said piston-wings are situated in the lower part of the cylinder and equidistant froma perpendicular line drawn through its center, the oice ot'v said grooves being to provide steam-passages, whereby the steam in its downward passage may be allowed to pass along said grooves and past the extremity. of the piston-wing which .is traveling over the grooved section, and exert its force on the piston-wing which precedes it, and wghile said last-mentioned piston-wing is below the lower extremity of that series of grooves and is moving in that section of the cylinder in which it has' its greatest relative'projection from the piston, and permits the steam topass said lastmentoned piston-wing along thefgrooved passages B111 on the'opposite side of the cylinder as soon as said piston-wing has passed the lower end of the said series o'f grooves B10.

The exhaust-passages B13 B15, Figs. 1, 4, and 5, are'cast in the case A, their upper openings, B12 B14, being into the steam-chest, Figs. 2 and v5, and 'their loweropenings in the exhaustport B13, Figs. 1,5, 6, 7, the steam being e'xhausted through the one or the other, in accordance with the direction in which the piston revolves.

The valves A' A2, Figs. 3,' 5, are adapted to close and disclose the induction-ports B or B1, respectively. When induction-port B is disclosed the valves form hoods over ports B7 B8 and B11 and B12 and seals B14. When induction-port B'1s disclosed the valves form hoods over B B11 and B8 B14 and seals B11, as shown in Fig. 5. Said valves are provided on their upper sides with bosses or projections adapted toreceive -the-T-shaped heads of the yoke E5, Figs. 3 and 5. This yoke,'so engaging the valves, is operated by the cam E3, which is actuated by the spindle E3, revolved by a handle.

The piston which carries the piston-wing F is of skeleton form or construction, (the open'- ings L being formed to lighten the piston,) and may be made either entire or divided transversely and secured together by bolts N2, Figs. 13 and 14. This piston comprises the hub L', a centrally-dividing disk, J, forming part of said hub, provided with balance steam-openings T, connecting each pair of openings L, in order to secure an equilibrium ot' pressure on each side of said disk of such steam as may have passed the packings P. Theiuuer rims, F2, in connection with the arms H3 of the cyl'- inder-heads and the hub L' of the piston, form interior steam-spaces, H, thatconstitute the inner or high-pressure cylinders of the engine, and the crescent-shaped space H', between the piston and the cylindrical interior ot' the case A, constitutes the steam-space of the outer or low-pressure cylinder of the engine. The'hub L' of the piston is provided ateither end with packing-rings P' and packing-pieces D, which are pressed outwardly by springs in pockets P3 laterally against and kept in contact with the extremities of the arms H3 of the cylinderheads, and the packing-pieces D also kept in contact with the packing-pieces Dson theinside portions of the projections of the piston-wings, Fig. 7. The lower ends ofthe packing-pieces D are also kept in contact with the periphery ot' the packing-rin g P' by the pressure of barsprings D', Fig. 7, which are secured tothe hub L at the bottom of the longitudinal radial openings or slots N, Figs 8 and 13. Thus the inner ends of the high-pressure cylinders are rendered steam-tight. The radiall pistonwings F are arranged on opposite sides of the IOO TIO

hub L' of the piston at equal distances apart,

and occupy a iongit.udinally-radial` position in the outenand inner cylinders, reciprocating,

radially in the piston through the longitudinal slots N, Figs. 8 'and 5, their exterior and int-erior packingsl being continuously in contact with the surfacehot' the annular chamber or outer cylinder,H', and` the periphery of the. arm H3, respectively, their reciprocation through the slots N ofthe pistonbeing caused by their traveloverthe periphery ofthe eccentric arm H3during the revolution ofthe piston about said arm. Each of thesepiston-wings is provided 4on its outer face or edge and on the inner faces or edges of its projections next to the arms H3 with groovesor channels N', Figs. 5, 22, 23,

24, `adapted to receive the intermediate pack-` H3. Springs situated in pockets P3 at the bottom ot' the grooves operate to thrust said packing-,pieces outwardly. `A concave groove is` formed in the outeriaceof said packing-piece R, Figs. 32,33, adapted toreceive the,` convex tongues of the packings l' 12, Figs..5, 29, 31, whereby said packin gs may oscillate, and thus be self-adjusting, adapting themselves to the l peripheries of the cylinder and the surface ot' 4 the arms ofthe cylinder-heads, respectively,`in

whatever portion `ot' the diiierent cylinders the piston-wings may be, Figg, the edges of the piston-wings being beveled to permit ofthe oscillations ofthe packings. y A steam-packing space is thereby provided where the steam may operate to assist in keeping the packing in contact with the4 cylinder,` Figs. 5, .18, 29. The face of the packing l' in contact with the outer cylinder is convex, Figs. 5, 18; l?, which isin contact with the arinswof tho cylinderheads, concave, Figs.` 5, 18, 31.. The` packngs l'l are jointed and provided withspring-pockets and springs, as inthe packing-pieces B, `and `the packings ,I2` are in one piece,1as shown in Fig. 20. In both cases the packings are kept in contact with the y cylinder and ,the

arms HF, respectively, by springs in pockets l?? in the bottom of tbegrooves-N' acting on` the packing-pieces 1t,]before referred to. Tongues F', Fig. 2l, are formed` at the extremities `of the pistonwings,'and tongueslF2 on the inside of the projections, of the piston-win gs, `adapted to engage the grooves or channels of the packing-pieces D3, Figs. 525, 26, 27, and D8, Figs. `7,

17,`respectively. `Cilhe pieces D3 are provided with rectangularnotches at eachextremity, coinciding with the grooves N' of the pistonwings, andreceive the packing-pieces B, which l carry` the packingsf l"l and. l2.' respectively,

Springs situated in pocketsP-E in said tongues pressthe l'iacking-pieces D3 outwardlyand` keeplthemlin contact with thecylinder-heads. 1 he-packing-ears DZ form a part ot' the packing-piecesD, and, extending atlright angles therefrom, hear againstthe sides oi' the tongues F', and are received into grooves formed in the sides ot' the piston-wing, their oflicebeing-twofold--to prevent steam passingover the tongues F' through any interstice between the piston- ,wing and the packing-pieces D3, and also to prevent any independent radial movement along `the end oi' the piston-wing.

ton-win g thepacking-pieces D8, before referred to, are-employed as a packing between said piston-wingand the ,packing-pieces Din the hub ot' the piston.` Rectangular notches are formed in their lower extremities, coinciding` with` the grooves N' in the piston-wing, and receive` the packing-piecesl R, which carry packings l2. Springs in pockets P3 of the tongues F2 press D8 toward and keep them in contact with the packing-pieces D.

Alongitudinal groove, P4, is formedin one ofthe sides or faces of each of the slots N lof the piston, Figs. 8, 13. `A packing, P?, Fig. 11,

voperates in saidgroove, and is `kept in contact with said piston-win g by springsin pockets P3, whereby the passage ot' steamn through the slots or openings Nfrom the inner to the outer cylinder `may be prevented, Figs. 5, 8,11, 13. Segmental curvilinear grooves P6 are formed in the ends of the rimsE' E2 of the piston, Figs. 8, 13, which` receive the `packing-pieces I), Figs.` 5, 12. Springs in pocketsP3 in said grooves press these packing-pieces against and keep them in con tact withthe cylinder-heads. .The operation is as follows: The steam having been admitted into the steam-chest A3,

the valves A' A2 being so ,situated that the, opening into the port Bis disclosed and the opening into the port B7 closed, the steam passes down into and throughthe horizontal passage B' to and through the passages B2 in the heads of the cylinder, thence through their ports B3 into the highpressure cylinders H in the piston, Figs. 5, 15.. Its pres'sureis thereexerted on theprojections ot' a piston-wing while in thelarger section thereof. Said i piston is thereby rotated nntil said` piston-.wing has passed or opened the portsB4 in the cylinderheads into the space between it andthe pistonwing immediately following, (the outer extremity of the piston-wing preceding the iirstmentioned piston-win g beingthen at the lower extremity of the series of grooves down which ,the steam is passing,) when the steam within said space is exhausted out through saidports B, up passages B5, through .horizontal passage BG, out Bl, `under the hood of valve A', thence down through the grooved section ofthe outer cylinder, where the steam acts expansively on that portion ot' the piston-.wing before mentioned projecting outwardly from'the pistonlafter said -pistonfwin g has reached the At the inside of the projections-,of` the pis`4 lower extremity of the series B9 of parti-circumferential grooves and until said pistonwing passes the lower extremity of the series of grooves B1" on the opposite side of the cylinder, when the steam passes upwardly through said grooves B1", past the piston-wing, along port B11, thence under the hood ot' the valve A2, down through port B12 and passage B13, through exhaust-port B16, into the condenser or the atmosphere, the effect being that the high-pressure steam is conveyed into and actuates the projections of the piston-wing within the innercylinders, and is Ithen exhausted into the outer cylinder, where it exerts its force expansively on the Wings of the piston while said piston-wings are traveling in the largest sections of the crescent-shaped cylinders.

lt is evident that a reversal of the position of the valves-z'. e., a change of the inductionports-would operate to reverse the direction in which the engine would travel, would close induction-port B to the steam-chest, seal B12, and thus render exhaust-passage B13 inoperative, the ilow of steam through the various steam-passages would be reversed and theexhansb-passage B11 brought into use; but the conditions under which the engine operates would remain the samethat is to say, at high pressure in the inner cylinders and expansively at a lower pressure in the outer cylinder.

Oilways 0 are provided in the cylinderheads to convey oil to the shaft, as shown in Figs. 4, 7, 16.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s

l. The cylinder-case A, the hooded valves A A2, the respective receiving and discharging steam-ports and steam-passages through which the steam moves from its introduction into until its emission from the engine, t-he arms H3 of the cylinder-heads, and thewingbearing piston containing the high-pressure cylinder H, all combined, whereby the wings ofthe piston are each in its turn presented to the action of and rotated by the steam at high pressure in the inner cylinders formed in the piston and expansi-vely at a lower pressure'in the outer cylinder, While those portions of said wing which are subjected to such pressures are respectively projected into the larger sections of the respective cylinders, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The cylinder-case A, provided with duplicate series of steam-ports and steam-passages, the steam-chest A3, provided with duplicate series of steam-openings, the cylinderheads H2, provided with duplicate steam-ports and steam-passages, the cylinder H', provided with a duplicate series of parti-circumferential grooves situated on either side thereof, the duplicate adjustable hooded valves A A2, the arms H3, the wing-bearing piston, and the cylinder H, all combined, whereby the'steam may be admitted at will to operate at or be exhausted from either side of the cylinders, and the piston thereby rotated in either direction, and wherein in either case the steam is rst employed in the inner cylinders at a high pressure and afterward exhausted therefrominto the outer cylinder,whereitsemployedexpansively at a lower pressure, substantially as set forth.

3. In a rotary engine, a steam-cylinder having a'duplicate series of parti-circumferential grooves formed in its inner periphery and situated on either side thereof, extending downwardly from the ports opening into said cylinder, and the exhaust-ports and exhaust-passages in the case of the cylinder, in combination with a revolving piston carrying radiallyreciprocating wings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The duplicate eduction-ports B12 B14, the adjustable hooded valves Al A2, the duplicate exhaust-passages B13 B15, the exhaust-port B16, and the intermediate steam-ports and steampassages, in combination with the cylinders of the engine, wherein said exhaust-passages are respectively brought into use in response to the operation of the valves Al A2, respectively, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The piston-h ub L',packin g-rin gs P', packing-pieces D, and bar-springs D. all combined, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. The piston-wings F, intermediate packing-pieces, R, and the oscillating packings I l2, all combined, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The oscillating packings I l2, operating in the intermediate packing-pieces, R, in combination with the beveled edges ofthe pistonwings, whereby a steam packing space, E, is formed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

8. The piston-wings F, tongues F F2, intermediate packing-pieces, B, and packin gs D3D8, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. The piston-wings F, tongues F, packingpieces D3, and packing-ears -.D2, all combined substantially as set forth.

l0. The valves A A2, yoke E5, cam E, and spindle E3, all combined substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

vW'ILLIAM J. FRAZIER. Witnesses: l

J oHN D. MOORE, HENRY M. MosHER.

IOS

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